代做GGR111 Lab 2: Reading Urban Landscapes: A Self-Directed Field Trip调试Haskell程序

GGR111 Lab 2: Reading Urban Landscapes: A Self-Directed Field Trip (Instructions)

Important note: If you find that you are living in a place that makes completing this assignment on urbanization difficult (i.e. you live in a rural area and are uncomfortable travelling to an urban area during this time), please contact your TA. Adjustments can be made to refocus the assignment in a way that is more suitable for your context.

The focus of this self-directed field trip is learning to read urban landscapes. In human geography, we view landscape as more than just the aesthetic appeal of a location (how beautiful it is). Rather, we view landscape as the interaction between the natural and built environments (buildings, signs, public spaces, trees) that gives clues to the social processes that create, change and shape a particular area (or landscape). The goal of critically examining a landscape is to make the familiar unfamiliar. As Duncan and Duncan said in their landmark article on (re)reading the landscape:

If landscapes are … read “inattentively” at a practical or nondiscursive level, then they may be inculcating their readers with a set of notions about how the society is organized: and their readers may be largely unaware of this. If, by being so tangible, so natural, so familiar, the landscape is unquestioned, then such concrete evidence about how society is organized can easily become seen as evidence of how it should or must be organized.

In other words – if we do not actively engage our critical curiosity to how the spaces we live in are built and organized, we will take the social relations they produce for granted – we will see it as being ‘natural’ rather than as a product of complex histories and power relations. In this lab, you will be challenged with critically reading a neighborhood landscape near where you live. Cities (including suburban areas) are ecosystems of intertwined interests, complex problems and conflicting priorities. As such, it is an ideal environment in which to study human geography.

This assignment is divided into 2 sections.

Part 1A: In the Field.

You will do field work to collect notes on, document (via photographs), and discuss 3 of the following 5 themes in the neighborhood you choose to study (described in detail in the document: The 5 Themes):

· Public space

· Housing Format

· Green Infrastructure

· Safey & Surveillance

· Retail / Employment 

Part 1B: The Individual Written Assignment

You will write a description of your neighborhood in terms of the five themes using the photographs and notes you took as evidence. You will submit this portion individually.

Part 2: Collective Analysis

You will work with four other classmates to compare and contrast the neighborhoods you studied. Collectively, you will write a short paper analyzing the comparative inclusions and exclusions made visible through your research. This portion of the assignment will be submitted as a group.

In the field:

1. Choose the neighborhood you want to study (Note: this can be near where you live, but it does not have to be. We offer this flexibility to both allow you to choose a neighborhood you think is interesting and also to protect your privacy.)

2. Walk through the neighbourhood looking for characteristics of how the five themes (see document: The 5 Themes) are dealt with in your neighborhood

a. Your task is to ‘read the landscape’. This means: do not rush. Go slow. You are trying to pay attention to details that would normally go unnoticed.

b. One approach is to first walk the area quickly to get a sense of what is there and then walk it again slower as you document (photograph and take notes on) aspects of the landscape.

c. This is NOT a race, walk around, consider the areas and the photos you choose to take carefully. The quality of your final report is highly dependent on the things you photograph and the observations you make.

d. Take detailed notes! Write down specific addresses and locations to refer to in your written response.

3. At an iconic point in your neighborhood (of your choosing), take a selfie to document you were there. If you are uncomfortable sharing a picture with your face on it, you can take a picture with your hand, foot, etc.

The individual written assignment

Approximately 1000-1200 words. 1200 is a hard cap. For every 5% over (60 words) you will lose 5%.
Marking is out of 100 points (15% of total course grade)

1. Write an introduction to your neighborhood. Name the location and then describe any important histories or major characteristics of the neighborhood. You must use at least one source for this section. Perhaps some basic demographic information (population size, type of people living in the area) from the census or some historical information from city/town documents. Be sure to cite your source(s) and provide a list of references at the end (MLA or APA format will be accepted). (100-120 words worth 15 points)

2. Next, choose three of the five themes to analyze. In choosing your three themes, think about the conclusions you want to make about the neighborhood, and choose evidence that will best support your arguments. (Each theme: 200-250 words + 3 photographs worth 20 points)

· In every neighborhood, you will find public spaces, both planned (like parks) and unplanned (like the bench in front of a coffee shop). Describe the spaces you see and then describe any evidence of how urban planners and/or private businesses encourage or discourage various uses of public space? Is the majority public space in the neighbourhood publicly or privately owned? Who is welcome or unwelcome in these spaces? How can you tell? Include 3 photographs with captions that illustrate your analysis. 

· What type of housing stock is present in the neighbourhood? Does the area offer a variety of housing options and formats or is it limited to one or two? Does it appear that the type of housing or usage of existing building has changed significantly over time? Does the neighbourhood reflect the principles of mixed-income housing; does it seem affordable and to whom? Include 3 photographs with captions that illustrate your analysis. 

· What measures, if any, were employed to create sustainable and ‘green’ infrastructure in the areas you visited? Consider walkability, bike-ability and environmental measures. How is this reflected in the transport infrastructure, amenities and type of housing? Include 3 photographs with captions that illustrate your analysis. 

· Safety and surveillance are important issues in contemporary cities. What types of safety measures have been taken? Whose safety is being prioritized by the choice of these measures? How are public and private spaces monitored? What types of surveillance (formal and/or informal) is used?  Is surveillance being used as a deterrent and/or a security measure. Include 3 photographs with captions that illustrate your analysis. 

· What types of retail or employment are evident in your neighbourhood? Consider whether retail establishments are independent businesses, larger franchises, or chains; for employment, consider what industries are represented, if any, and why. What types of buildings do these businesses occupy, who do they cater to and are they aligned with the demographics of the area? Include 3 photographs with captions that illustrate your analysis. 

Draw on the above observations and summarize your findings to address the following:

3. As a conclusion, what are the priorities evident in your neighborhood and what are the processes of inclusion and exclusion evident in the landscape you are studying? In other words, what types of activities and people are being encouraged and/or supported by the design of the neighborhood and what types of activities and people are being subtly (or not so subtly) reminded that they do not belong (or only belong in certain places) in this landscape? (120-150 words worth 15 points)

4. Finally, you will be asked to reflect on your experience of ‘reading the landscape.’ Given that the goal of this exercise is to help make the familiar unfamiliar – was there anything you noticed during your research into the neighborhood that surprised you? Was there anything that made you want to learn more? What types of questions did this work raise for you? Do you think this type of work would be easier or harder in a neighborhood you were more or less familiar with? (80-100 words worth 10 points)

5. Include your selfie at the very end. (not including it will be -5points)

Final note regarding Part 1: As mentioned above, a successful assignment will go beyond description to offer some analysis. Under each theme above there are some questions that can help you think beyond description, but you could also draw in some of the demographic or historical information from the introduction (or add more information relevant to the theme) to help provide some context for what you observed. You could also pay attention to what was missing from your neighborhood – absence can be very meaningful. So take some time and think about the why’s and how’s of what you observed in your neighborhood.

Submit your answers as a word document or PDF to Quercus in the assignment link by March 19, 9am.

Lab 2 Part 2: The Collective Analysis

 In groups of three or four, you will compare and contrast your neighborhoods. Talk through all of the themes you wrote about and then choose the two themes that you collectively think tell the most interesting story when comparing the neighborhoods.

· For groups of 3, 2 neighborhoods must be discussed for each theme and all neighborhoods must be discussed in at least 1 theme.

· For groups of 4, 3 neighborhoods must be discussed per theme and all 4 neighborhoods must be discussed in at least 1 theme. 

Note: Group projects are always a challenge, but they can also be rewarding. We have created the following process to support you through this assignment:

· Creating Groups:

o You are welcome to create your own group (you do not have to be in the same tutorial.)

o If you do not know anyone to work with or you have one or two partners and need someone to complete your group, you can complete the Microsoft form. (see weekly checklist) and I will connect you with other students looking for partners.

· Problems in groups:

o If someone in your group does not reply to emails or does not contribute meaningfully to the group by the Tuesday before the assignment is due, email me directly (cc’ing the person who has not been in contact). I will then remove that person from your group and try to find you another group member.

o If you were the one that was removed from a group, simply complete the Microsoft form. again and I will try to find you another group.

o As we get closer to the deadline, realize that it will be harder to form. groups as most people will be in groups already. For this reason, I highly recommend connecting with your group early.

o Groups of 3 or 4 are required for this assignment. If you only have 2 group members, you will lose 40% of your mark. Solo-authored assignments will not be accepted.

o If you have made an honest effort to create a group of 3 but are unable, email me with an explanation. If I agree, I will put you on an exceptions list so that you do not lose any points.

· Problems with assignment criteria

o If your group has two or more people who studied the same neighborhood, try to find a way to include some of everyone’s work from Part 1. Email me your plan and once I agree to it, I will put it in an exceptions list for the TAs so they understand what is happening and why. If you follow this process, you will not lose points.

o If your group does not have two themes that were addressed by at least 2 or 3 members of your group (for groups of 3 and 4 respectively), try to find an alternative approach (e.g. last year one group had one theme with 4 neighborhoods but all other themes only had 2. They came up with the idea of writing more about the first theme and having a smaller section for the second. I approved this and we re-weighted the points.) Once I agree to it, I will put it in an exceptions list for the TAs so they understand what is happening and why. If you follow this process, you will not lose points.

o If any other issue arises, please just email me and we will try to work out an option.

Collective Analysis Instructions

Approximately 700-800 words. 800 is a hard cap. For every additional 80 words, you lose 5%.
Marking is out of 50 points (10% of total course grade) 

In a single document (perhaps easiest done with a shared google doc or something of that nature and then transferred to a word doc to be submitted online), collaboratively complete the following: 

1. Introduction to the neighborhoods. You can draw on the introduction to the neighborhoods that you wrote in your individual assignments, but you want to weave the ideas together for this assignment. Rather than just list each of the three neighborhoods with a few of its defining characteristics, look at what they have in common and what is different. Try to be concise. So, for example: Neighborhoods Y and Z are in large urban centers while neighborhoods A and B are suburban. Neighborhoods Y and Z have diverse populations in terms of ethnic backgrounds, but only neighborhoods A and Z have populations with mixed socio-economic status. (100-120 word paragraph worth 10 points)

2. Theme 1. Compare and contrast the three or four neighborhoods in terms of the first theme you have selected. Make sure to balance description of the similarities/differences with analysis of the similarities/differences. Analysis, in this case, could include why these similarities/differences occur, the implications of these similarities/differences for people living (or visiting) in the neighborhoods, and/or how these neighborhoods are changing in relation to this theme. What you focus on in your analysis will depend on the characteristics of the neighborhoods you are discussing. (200-250 words - 1 or 2 paragraphs - worth 15 points)

3. Theme 2. Same instructions as Theme 1: Compare and contrast the three or four neighborhoods in terms of the first theme you have selected. Make sure to balance description of the similarities/differences with analysis of the similarities/differences. (200-250 words - 1 or 2 paragraphs - worth 15 points)

4. Conclusion: Rather than write a standard conclusion, we ask that you finish this paper with a paragraph that raises questions that come from the experience of comparing the four neighborhoods. Think of the work you have done so far as preliminary research for a larger multi-sited research project – what are the types of questions you could ask in that larger project based on what you have learned so far? Feel free to be creative in this section. (100-120 word paragraph worth 10 points)